Did you know that more than 99% of our genetic information is exactly the same as every other person on this planet? Our genes determine our skin color, gender, and hair color and whether or not we have certain genetic diseases. But it is in that less than 1% that things get interesting. Genetic mutations are changes to our DNA sequence during cell division, which happens when our cells replicate themselves. Specific genetic variations allow some of us to acquire certain, dare we say super, qualities... So, here are the ways our genes can predispose us to have special abilities!
The Malaria-Protecting Variant
Here's an interesting fact: being a carrier for sickle-cell disease can actually offer some protection against malaria. It is true! People with one sickle gene and one normal hemoglobin gene are more resistant to this deadly disease.
While blood disorders are not exactly "superpowers," this fascinating connection might pave the way for groundbreaking malaria treatments in the future. Who would have thought studying genetics could be the key to fighting such a widespread and devastating illness? Science continues to amaze us!
Born With No Nails
Imagine being born with no fingernails or toenails. Well, this is the reality for people who have congenital anonychia. This unusual condition causes them to have no nails, which is noticeable from the start. And while it may appear extraordinary, those affected demonstrate extraordinary resilience and adaptability.
However, despite the lack of nails, they usually navigate life with strength, reminding us that beauty can be found in the most unexpected places. Their journey inspires us to embrace uniqueness and celebrate differences.
The Super-Taster Variant
This information may surprise you, but a quarter of the population has a much more intense taste for food than the rest of us. These "super tasters" are more likely to add milk and sugar to bitter coffee and avoid eating fatty foods.
Scientists believe that their reaction is programmed into their genes, specifically TAS2R38, the bitter taste receptor gene. PAV is the variant responsible for super-tasting, while AVI is the variant responsible for below-average tasting abilities.
The Unbreakable Mutation
Brittle bones are a major issue. Researchers discovered a genetic mutation in the LRP5 gene, which regulates bone mineral density and can result in weak bones. So far, scientists have discovered several LRP5 gene mutations that appear to be linked to bone conditions.
Examples of this are juvenile primary osteoporosis and osteoporosis-pseudo-glioma syndrome. Nonetheless, a different type of mutation on the same gene could have the opposite effect, giving some people virtually unbreakable and extremely dense bones. It looks like The Incredible Hulk has some competition now!
The Super-Sleeper Mutation
Imagine feeling completely energized on only four hours of sleep per night. Believe it or not, some people are actually born with this trait. They are known as "short-sleepers," and scientists are only now learning what causes them to be this way.
These abilities might be linked to specific genetic mutations. Short-sleeping habits can run in families, and scientists hope to one day learn how to harness this ability so that it can be used to help people switch up their sleeping routines.
"I Have Tentacles Under My Tongue"
These unusual tentacle-like flaps are not some kind of Halloween props but rather fimbriated folds of the tongue, also known as "plica fimbriata." These folds run alongside the frenulum, which connects the tongue to the mouth's bottom.
Sometimes, these folds develop small growths or skin tags, causing a unique appearance. Although harmless, there is a possibility of these folds getting caught in one's teeth. So while they may be an intriguing quirk, it is important to be mindful of their presence in everyday activities.
The Super-Sprinter Variant
The discovery of the "sports gene" in 2008 transformed our understanding of athletic ability. This gene produces a protein that regulates fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are important for sprinting and weightlifting. This gene is known as the sports gene because it is found in a few elite athletes.
Surprisingly, due to inherited defective ACTN3 copies, approximately 18% of the general population lacks this muscle-building protein. However, we think this fantastic discovery sheds some light on the genetic influences that contribute to lightning-fast muscle contractions and athletic performance.
Cystic Fibrosis
Our hands are supposed to get this wrinkle effect to increase our grip when wet. However, this is what the hand of someone with cystic fibrosis looks like after washing the dishes for 20 minutes. This is a genetic condition that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system.
It leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can clog airways and obstruct the pancreas, impairing digestion. This condition results from mutations in the CFTR gene, impacting the body's ability to regulate salt and water.
The Waardenburg Syndrome
Meet Stef Sanjati, a remarkable individual born with Waardenburg Syndrome, a rare genetic condition causing wide-set eyes. Despite facing unique challenges, Stef's journey is one of resilience and inspiration. Embracing her distinctive appearance, she has become a prominent advocate for self-acceptance and inclusivity.
Stef's story reminds us of the beauty in diversity and the power of embracing our differences. Her determination to defy stereotypes and show her true self is an empowering testament to the strength of the human spirit.
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Enter the world of Congenital Melanocytic Nevus, where unusual beauty can be found within distinct markings. This rare skin condition is characterized by the presence of a dark-colored, pigmented mole or birthmark present at birth or shortly after.
These nevi are typically larger and can vary in size, shape, and color. While most are benign, larger nevi may carry a slightly increased risk of developing melanoma (a type of skin cancer) over time. Though unusual, they represent individuality, proudly celebrating our differences.
A Bifid Thumb
This is the dad of Reddit user N-Chung, and he is the proud owner of a bifid thumb, also known as Pre-Axial Polydactyly. Uncommon yet fascinating, this extraordinary condition affects about 1 in every 1000 babies.
Instead of the usual single thumb, he boasts a thumb with a split. Like a secret superpower, his unique trait sets him apart and sparks curiosity. But beyond its rarity, his Bifid Thumb symbolizes his individuality and resilience, reminding us that being different is pretty cool.
Vitiligo And Heterochromia
Look at this amazing man! With Vitiligo and Heterochromia, he is a living canvas of enchanting colors and patterns, defying the norms. And with galaxies for eyes, one color dances with the sun while the other flirts with the moon.
On the one hand, vitiligo is a skin disorder causing patches of depigmentation, resulting in white spots on the skin. And on the other hand, heterochromia is an eye condition where the iris has different colors, creating a unique and striking appearance.
The Super-Flusher Variant
Do your cheeks turn rosy after a single glass of wine? Apparently, a mutation in the ALDH2 gene could be to blame. One such mutation prevents a liver enzyme called ALDH2 from converting the alcohol byproduct acetaldehyde into acetate.
When acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood, it dilates the capillaries, resulting in a flush or glow. However, acetaldehyde is also a carcinogen in humans, and research suggests that people who flush after drinking alcohol may have the mutation and be at a higher risk of getting esophageal cancer.
Neonatal Progeria Or Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome
This baby has neonatal progeria or Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome. This is a progressive genetic disorder that causes children to age rapidly, starting in their first two years of life. But despite the difficulties of this progressive genetic disorder, their photographs are filled with boundless love and joy.
It warms hearts and brings smiles to see an unbreakable bond with a proud mother. This little hero teaches us to treasure every moment. A reminder that even in the face of adversity, love and strength can shine brightest.
A Mix of Two Syndromes
Take a look at this remarkable union of Syndactyly and Symbrachydactyly, a fusion of uniqueness in hand and finger formation. Syndactyly, with webbed fingers intertwined, meets Symbrachydactyly, where the hand and fingers form incompletely. Together, they create an extraordinary tapestry of complexity and individuality.
Embracing this rare combination, these individuals exemplify resilience and adaptability. A testament to the wonders of human diversity, they inspire us to celebrate our differences and cherish the beauty that emerges when life weaves its intricate patterns.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Classical And Dermatosparaxis)
Meet the remarkable Sara Geurts, a true warrior with EDS, a connective tissue disorder affecting collagen production. At just 31, her skin reflects a beautiful journey of resilience, adorned with wrinkles that tell stories of strength. Though her appearance defies age, her spirit radiates wisdom.
Sara's unique beauty challenges societal norms, reminding us that every line on our skin is a testament to our battles and victories. Embracing her journey, she inspires us to celebrate the beauty in our own traits.
Raynaud’s Disease
Step into the curious world of Raynaud's Disease, where cold hands reveal a colorful story! Whenever the temperature drops, affected individuals experience a mesmerizing transformation. Blood vessels in their fingers and toes go into overdrive, narrowing and restricting blood flow.
This whimsical reaction turns their extremities pale, then hues of enchanting blue, and finally, a vibrant red as warmth returns. Though chilly encounters may pose challenges, Raynaud's warriors embrace their magical fingers and toes, proving that even in frosty moments, life can still paint a beautiful canvas!
The Super Coffee-Drinker Variants
There are at least six genes associated with how your body processes caffeine. Some variants influence the rewarding effects of caffeine that make you want to drink more. Others are linked to how the body metabolizes caffeine; those who break caffeine down more quickly are likely to drink more of it.
Others still help explain why some people are able to fall asleep at night after their daily morning coffee while others have to cut out the habit altogether to get a good night's sleep. We are all different, and that is the beauty of life, right?
What Is Dermatographia?
This next person's condition is called Dermatographia, due to which lightly scratching their skin causes raised, red lines where they have scratched. Dermatographia is also known as "skin writing." When the skin is lightly scratched or rubbed, it reacts by forming these lines.
They resemble a temporary "drawing" on the skin. The lines usually disappear within a short period. While it is not harmful, it is an intriguing and creative way for individuals to express themselves through their skin's response.
Mother And Child With Poliosis
Not many people know that poliosis is a condition characterized by localized loss of pigment in the hair, resulting in patches or streaks of white or gray hair amidst the normal hair color. It creates a distinctive and eye-catching appearance.
This mom and her son have this condition where striking silver streaks elegantly grace their vibrant hair, akin to stardust sprinkles. Embracing their differences, they exude an unbreakable bond, illuminating the world with their radiant spirits.
These Twin Girls Have Achondroplasia
In a world of uniqueness, meet this extraordinary duo! Embracing their achondroplasia with grace, they redefine beauty. Their large-hearted personalities shine brighter than any spotlight, captivating hearts with each step they take. They look lovely but a bit sassy too! We bet they are super fun to hang out with!
With short arms and legs, they reach out to inspire kindness and understanding. Standing tall in their short stature, they teach us that strength comes in all sizes. These beautiful souls remind us that diversity is a gift to cherish!
This Is How Hypertrichosis Looks Like
This is probably the most extraordinary snap on this list. Jesus was born with Hypertrichosis, a rare genetic mutation that gives him hair growth all over his body. A true marvel, he exudes a captivating charm and embraces his uniqueness with grace.
His story illuminates the beauty of diversity, showing us that what some may consider "different" can be a source of wonder and awe. Jesus reminds us to embrace our individuality and cherish the remarkable diversity of humanity.
The Low-Cholesterol Mutation
Nowadays, almost everyone knows that although the environment, including what we eat, can influence cholesterol levels, genetics also play a significant role. Mutations in the gene responsible for producing cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) result in protein deficiency.
CETP deficiency is associated with higher levels of "good" HDL cholesterol, which helps carry cholesterol to the liver for removal, resulting in lower cholesterol levels. People with the deficiency-causing mutation have a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease, according to studies.
A Toe With Its Own Toe (Polydactyly)
Polydactyly is a congenital condition where an individual is born with extra digits or body parts, such as an extra toe or finger. It can vary in severity, with some cases involving fully formed and functional duplicate body parts, including nails and joints.
While it may appear unusual, polydactyly is not uncommon and can occur in different parts of the body. Surgical intervention is always an option, but that is based on the individual's health and functionality, of course. It must be hard to cut that mini nail!
Uncombable Hair Syndrome
Shilah Madison was born with a condition called "Uncombable Hair Syndrome." And because of this, it is pretty painful to cut her hair, and it even breaks off from the roots quite often. This syndrome is also known as "spun glass hair" and is a rare genetic condition that affects hair texture.
People with this condition have hair that is extremely frizzy, dry, and difficult to comb or style. The hair strands are often wiry and coarse and stand away from the scalp, making it appear unruly.
Supernumerary: Extra Teeth
Did you know that you can have teeth on your chin too? This is a rare condition called "supernumerary or accessory mandibular central incisors." And if you suffer from this condition, you may have one or more extra teeth grow alongside the regular set of teeth.
This could be a congenital abnormality or the result of genetic or environmental factors. Treatment for extra teeth on the chin typically entails a dental examination and possible removal of the extra teeth to avoid complications and ensure proper jaw and tooth alignment.
Bam Syndrome
This syndrome, also known as basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome, is an extremely rare genetic condition that affects the skin. Individuals with Bam Syndrome may develop multiple small tumors on the skin. These growths often occur in clusters and can appear on the face, neck, scalp, and other body parts.
And while the condition is generally non-life-threatening, its exact cause remains unclear. Babies born with this condition usually have a small nose or no nose at all, so they might have problems with vision and their eyes.
An Adorable Example of Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Most individuals with this condition experience no significant health issues related to these birthmarks. Nonetheless, larger nevus may carry a slightly increased risk of developing melanoma. So, regular monitoring by a dermatologist is essential to detect any changes or potential issues early on.
Moreover, it is crucial to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure and be aware of any changes in the appearance of the nevus. Today, differences are celebrated now. People with obvious differences are celebrated for their unique beauty, and we honestly love that!
No Knuckles or Symbrachydactyly
The condition where a person is born without middle knuckles is known as "symbrachydactyly" or "symbrachydactyly syndrome." It is a rare congenital abnormality that affects the development of the fingers, leading to the absence of the middle segment (proximal phalanx) of one or more fingers.
The fingers may appear shorter and lack the typical knuckle joint in the middle, resulting in a unique hand appearance. Depending on the severity, it can affect hand function, but individuals with this condition can adapt and lead fulfilling lives with proper support and care.
Marfan Syndrome
The condition of having abnormally long arms is known as Marfan syndrome. And this is a genetic disorder that affects connective tissue, leading to various physical features, including long limbs, fingers, and a tall, slender build. This condition can also affect the heart, eyes, and skeletal system.
While it is a lifelong condition, early diagnosis, and medical management can help prevent complications and ensure a better quality of life. Regular medical checkups and specialized care are essential for people with this condition. Although it seems to have many extraordinary superpowers.
Do You Know What Chimeras Are?
Chimeras are extraordinary organisms embodying two different sets of DNA, a captivating blend of genetic diversity. While human chimerism is rare, it sparks fascination. Imagine living with two distinct DNA profiles, like a genetic tapestry.
Witness the enchanting traits: dual red blood cell lineages or skin adorned in contrasting pigmentation. Nature's mesmerizing creations and chimeras remind us of the richness of life's palette. They exemplify the beauty of diversity, leaving us in awe of the wondrous complexity within our existence.
Double Coloboma
Coloboma syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by missing pieces of tissue in the eye (which are called colobomas). These structural defects can affect the iris, retina, or optic nerve, leading to visual impairment. This syndrome can occur as an isolated condition or be associated with other health issues.
Besides, it can affect various body systems. Early diagnosis and regular eye check-ups are essential to effectively manage vision problems. While there is no cure for this syndrome, supportive treatments can improve visual function and overall quality of life.
What's up With Those Shoulders?
This person seems to have remarkably level shoulders. Therefore, according to experts, they might have a condition called Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility syndrome or perhaps facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility syndrome generally causes hypermobile joints and stretchy skin due to collagen issues.
It can result in joint pain, instability, and bruising. And facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness in the face, shoulders, and arms. It varies in severity and affects mobility. There's no cure, but physical therapy and assistive devices help manage symptoms.
Hamamy Syndrome
This rare condition is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal facial features as well as heart, bone, blood, and reproductive cell defects. Only a few people worldwide have been diagnosed with Hamamy Syndrome, making it a very rare genetic disorder.
The precise cause of this disease had previously eluded researchers. However, the Singapore-led team demonstrated that this affliction is caused by a mutation in the IRX5 gene in a paper published online last week in Nature Genetics.
Ulnar Dimelia Or Mirror Hand Syndrome
This very rare congenital affliction presents an absent thumb, duplicated ulna, and an extraordinary seven to eight fingers on the hand. This condition is commonly known as "mirror hand syndrome." Throughout medical literature, the reported cases are surprisingly scarce, with fewer than 100 documented cases.
Its unique features and limited prevalence make it a subject of keen interest and ongoing research in the medical community. Understanding and addressing this condition hold the potential for advancing knowledge in the field of developmental biology and providing better care for affected individuals.
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Born with amniotic band syndrome, this individual turned their challenge into an advantage. Despite their condition, they bravely pursued wrestling and cleverly used it to their benefit. Before the first period, opponents were obliged to shake hands, giving them an unexpected advantage.
This unconventional approach allowed them to catch opponents off guard and gain the upper hand in matches. Their determination not only defied the odds but also inspired others to find strength in their uniqueness and turn obstacles into opportunities. How inspiring is that?
Split Hand
10% of all babies are born with hand malformations. These congenital mutations appear early in pregnancy and can be inherited or be a symptom of another condition. A split hand (also known as ectrodactyly) is a condition in which the middle part of the hand develops abnormally.
Babies with this condition are born without one or more of their central fingers. These hands are classified into two types: typical (V-shaped with missing or partially missing middle fingers) and atypical (U-shaped with only one hand involved).
Having a Depressed Nasal Bridge Gives You This Superpower
The nasal bridge is a saddle-shaped area that includes the nasal root and the nasal lateral aspects. And this young man has a depressed nasal bridge, which can be caused by a variety of conditions.
Cleidocranial dysplasia, Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Klippel-Feil syndrome are the most common congenital syndromes with a depressed nasal bridge in pediatric orthopedic practice. Surprisingly, this unusual feature gives them an awesome superpower: the person who posted the photo claims that his nose never bleeds.
A Little Finger Larger Than Others
When an individual's "little finger" is significantly larger than the others, it might indicate a rare condition called Macrodactyly. This anomaly leads to one or more fingers or toes growing much larger than usual. And this is how it looks.
While the exact cause remains unknown, experts speculate that it could be linked to abnormal nerve or blood supply development during gestation. Macrodactyly is a unique and uncommon condition, and understanding its underlying mechanisms could pave the way for improved treatments and support for those affected by it.
Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome
This genetic disorder affects one in every 380,000 births, nearly all of them boys. It results in an overproduction of uric acid, a waste product of normal chemical processes that are found in blood and urine. But people with this syndrome release excess uric acid through their blood.
And this can build up under the skin, causing gouty arthritis. Moreover, this condition can cause kidney and bladder stones. The disease also affects neurological function and behavior. These patients usually exhibit involuntary body movements, like tensing muscles, jerking movements, and flailing limbs.